How do i make another menu appear in the same form without switching forms?
Sorry if there was another question that has been answered. I am new to StackOverflow. So im making a game, in Visual Basic.NET, and the thing that is stopping me from progressing, is that the buttons eventually overlap each other, what i want is that i need it so that i can add like a menu without switching forms, i don't know how to do that, the game is like a room game, you can switch between rooms, and that is the problem.
I have not tried anything yet.
And there is no code i need to put.
See also questions close to this topic
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AlphaBeta Pruning TicTacToe is not blocking, is it eval problem?
I'm debuging this for days and i don't know what I made wrong in this piece of code for Tic-Tac-Toe game and AI (well I know its not real AI but...) I have choosen for this was Alpha-Beta pruning. Its 7x7 board so it would be too heavy for pure minimax implementation.
Problem I have is that i can't figure out why Alpha-Beta is not blocking player to stall the game and wait for player move and use proper move in his favour, or just simply tie the game.
I've decided that center of board will have more points(for end score) than the one at the edges of the board. I belive that moves more to the center will have more chance to success than the ones in the edges, thats why i made AddScoreToMove function that evaluates that move. To Ensure that eval function will check EVERY possible moves at board I didn't made that function to work as find first xxx (for example at row0 and col0,col1,col2) and return (cause maybe there is 4X's or 4O's). Also 4X or 4O gives substantially more score than other ones and should be considered as win.
At this moment my PCplayer( O's) play like this
Can anyone tell me what i made wrong? It's my second program with AI, and first was with minimax on 3x3 board whitch worked fine.
C# code is below
VB.NET CODE:
Public Class Form1 Dim board As Char(,) = { {" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "}, {" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "}, {" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "}, {" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "}, {" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "}, {" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "}, {" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "}} Class Move Public row, col As Integer End Class Dim BestMoveRow As Integer = 0 Dim BestMoveCol As Integer = 0 Dim BestMoveScore As Integer = 0 Shared player As Char = "X", opponent As Char = "O" Shared Function AddScoreToMove(thatMove As Move) As Integer Dim row As Integer = thatMove.row Dim col As Integer = thatMove.col '0 score, move is at border If ((row >= 1 And row <= 5) And col = 0) Then Return 0 ElseIf ((row >= 1 And row <= 5) And col = 6) Then Return 0 ElseIf (row = 0 And (col >= 0 And col <= 6)) Then Return 0 ElseIf (row = 6 And (col >= 0 And col <= 6)) Then Return 0 End If '1 score, thatMove is at border +1 If ((row >= 2 And row <= 4) And col = 1) Then Return 1 ElseIf ((row >= 2 And row <= 4) And col = 5) Then Return 1 ElseIf (row = 1 And (col >= 1 And col <= 5)) Then Return 1 ElseIf (row = 5 And (col >= 1 And col <= 5)) Then Return 1 End If '2 score, thatMove is at border +2 If (row = 2 And col = 2) Then Return 2 ElseIf (row = 2 And col = 4) Then Return 2 ElseIf (row = 2 And (col >= 2 And col <= 4)) Then Return 2 ElseIf (row = 4 And (col >= 2 And col <= 4)) Then Return 2 End If '3 Center thatMove If (row = 3 And col <= 3) Then Return 3 End If Return 0 'error not added lane End Function Private Shared Function eval(ByVal b As Char(,)) As Integer Dim playerScorerow As Integer = 0 Dim playerScorecol As Integer = 0 Dim playerScorecross As Integer = 0 Dim pcScorerow As Integer = 0 Dim pcScorecol As Integer = 0 Dim pcScorecross As Integer = 0 ''EVALUATE rows For row As Integer = 0 To 3 For col As Integer = 0 To 6 'initialize moves to evaluate Dim move3 As New Move With { .row = row + 3, .col = col } Dim move2 As New Move With { .row = row + 2, .col = col } Dim move1 As New Move With { .row = row + 1, .col = col } Dim move0 As New Move With { .row = row, .col = col } If Not b(row, col) = " " Then 'ITS NOT EMPTY - PLAYER OR PC MOVED HERE Dim moveScore As Integer = AddScoreToMove(move0) 'EVALUATE THAT MOVE If b(row, col) = b(row + 1, col) Then 'THERE IS 2 X or 2 O Dim move1Score As Integer = AddScoreToMove(move1) If b(row + 1, col) = b(row + 2, col) Then 'THERE IS 3x or 3O Dim move2Score As Integer = AddScoreToMove(move2) If b(row + 2, col) = b(row + 3, col) Then 'THERE IS 4X or 4O Dim move3Score As Integer = AddScoreToMove(move3) If b(row, col) = player Then 'PLAYER HAVE 4X HERE playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, 100 + move3Score + move2Score + move1Score + moveScore) 'GET HIGHEST OF ALL EVALUATIONS OF THAT FOR LOOPS ElseIf b(row, col) = opponent Then 'PC HAVE 4O HERE pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -100 - move3Score - move2Score - move1Score - moveScore) End If End If If b(row, col) = player Then playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, 5 + move2Score + move1Score + moveScore) ElseIf b(row, col) = opponent Then pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -5 - move2Score - move1Score - moveScore) End If End If If b(row, col) = player Then playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, 2 + move1Score + moveScore) ElseIf b(row, col) = opponent Then pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -2 - move1Score - moveScore) End If End If If b(row, col) = player Then playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, moveScore) ElseIf b(row, col) = opponent Then pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -moveScore) End If End If Next Next ''col win For row As Integer = 0 To 6 For col As Integer = 0 To 3 Dim move3 As New Move With { .row = row + 3, .col = col } Dim move2 As New Move With { .row = row + 2, .col = col } Dim move1 As New Move With { .row = row + 1, .col = col } Dim move0 As New Move With { .row = row, .col = col } If Not b(row, col) = " " Then Dim moveScore As Integer = AddScoreToMove(move0) If b(row, col) = b(row, col + 1) Then Dim moveScore1 As Integer = AddScoreToMove(move1) If b(row, col + 1) = b(row, col + 2) Then Dim moveScore2 As Integer = AddScoreToMove(move2) If b(row, col + 2) = b(row, col + 3) Then Dim moveScore3 As Integer = AddScoreToMove(move3) If b(row, col) = player Then playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, 100 + moveScore3 + moveScore2 + moveScore1 + moveScore) ElseIf b(row, col) = opponent Then pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -100 - moveScore3 - moveScore2 - moveScore1 - moveScore) End If End If If b(row, col) = player Then playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, 5 + moveScore2 + moveScore1 + moveScore) ElseIf b(row, col) = opponent Then pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -5 - moveScore2 - moveScore1 - moveScore) End If End If If b(row, col) = player Then playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, 2 + moveScore1 + moveScore) ElseIf b(row, col) = opponent Then pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -2 - moveScore1 - moveScore) End If End If If b(row, col) = player Then playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, moveScore) ElseIf b(row, col) = opponent Then pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -moveScore) End If End If Next Next 'NOT FULLY IMPLEMENTED 'cross win For row As Integer = 0 To 3 For col As Integer = 0 To 3 If Not b(row, col) = " " Then If (b(row, col) = b(row + 1, col + 1) AndAlso b(row + 1, col + 1) = b(row + 2, col + 2) AndAlso b(row + 2, col + 2) = b(row + 3, col + 3)) Then If b(row, col) = player Then Return +10 ElseIf b(row, col) = opponent Then Return -10 End If End If End If Next Next 'NOT FULLY IMPLEMENTED 'cross win For row As Integer = 0 To 3 For col As Integer = 3 To 6 If Not b(row, col) = " " Then If (b(row, col) = b(row + 1, col - 1) AndAlso b(row + 1, col - 1) = b(row + 2, col - 2) AndAlso b(row + 2, col - 2) = b(row + 3, col - 3)) Then If b(row, col) = player Then Return +10 ElseIf b(row, col) = opponent Then Return -10 End If End If End If Next Next Dim scoreValues() As Integer = {playerScorerow, playerScorecol, playerScorecross, pcScorerow, pcScorecol, pcScorecross} Dim max = scoreValues.OrderByDescending(Function(z) Math.Abs(z)).FirstOrDefault() Return max End Function Private Shared Function MiniMax(ByVal board As Char(,), ByVal machineMove As Boolean, ByVal depth As Integer) As Integer Const alpha As Integer = -10_000 Const beta As Integer = 10_000 Return AlphaBetaPruning(board, machineMove, depth, beta, alpha) End Function Private Shared Function AlphaBetaPruning(ByVal board As Char(,), ByVal machineMove As Boolean, ByVal depth As Integer, ByVal beta As Integer, ByVal alpha As Integer) As Integer If depth = 0 Then Return eval(board) If machineMove Then 'min PC MOVE For i As Integer = 0 To 6 For j As Integer = 0 To 6 If board(i, j) = " " Then board(i, j) = opponent Dim score As Integer = Math.Min(AlphaBetaPruning(board, Not machineMove, depth - 1, beta, alpha), eval(board)) board(i, j) = " " If score < beta Then Form1.BestMoveRow = i Form1.BestMoveCol = j Form1.BestMoveScore = score beta = score End If If alpha >= beta Then Exit For 'cutoff End If Next Next Return beta Else 'max PLAYER MOVE For i As Integer = 0 To 6 For j As Integer = 0 To 6 If board(i, j) = " " Then board(i, j) = player Dim score As Integer = Math.Max(AlphaBetaPruning(board, Not machineMove, depth - 1, beta, alpha), eval(board)) board(i, j) = " " If score > alpha Then alpha = score End If If alpha >= beta Then Exit For End If Next Next Return alpha End If End Function End ClassC# CODE
public class Form1 { private char[,] board = new[] { { " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " " }, { " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " " }, { " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " " }, { " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " " }, { " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " " }, { " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " " }, { " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " " } }; class Move { public int row, col; } private int BestMoveRow = 0; private int BestMoveCol = 0; private int BestMoveScore = 0; private static char player = "X"; private static char opponent = "O"; public static int AddScoreToMove(Move thatMove) { int row = thatMove.row; int col = thatMove.col; // 0 score, move is at border if (((row >= 1 & row <= 5) & col == 0)) return 0; else if (((row >= 1 & row <= 5) & col == 6)) return 0; else if ((row == 0 & (col >= 0 & col <= 6))) return 0; else if ((row == 6 & (col >= 0 & col <= 6))) return 0; // 1 score, thatMove is at border +1 if (((row >= 2 & row <= 4) & col == 1)) return 1; else if (((row >= 2 & row <= 4) & col == 5)) return 1; else if ((row == 1 & (col >= 1 & col <= 5))) return 1; else if ((row == 5 & (col >= 1 & col <= 5))) return 1; // 2 score, thatMove is at border +2 if ((row == 2 & col == 2)) return 2; else if ((row == 2 & col == 4)) return 2; else if ((row == 2 & (col >= 2 & col <= 4))) return 2; else if ((row == 4 & (col >= 2 & col <= 4))) return 2; // 3 Center thatMove if ((row == 3 & col <= 3)) return 3; return 0; // error not added lane } private static int eval(char[,] b) { int playerScorerow = 0; int playerScorecol = 0; int playerScorecross = 0; int pcScorerow = 0; int pcScorecol = 0; int pcScorecross = 0; // 'EVALUATE rows for (int row = 0; row <= 3; row++) { for (int col = 0; col <= 6; col++) { // initialize moves to evaluate Move move3 = new Move() { row = row + 3, col = col }; Move move2 = new Move() { row = row + 2, col = col }; Move move1 = new Move() { row = row + 1, col = col }; Move move0 = new Move() { row = row, col = col }; if (!b[row, col] == " ") { int moveScore = AddScoreToMove(move0); // EVALUATE THAT MOVE if (b[row, col] == b[row + 1, col]) { int move1Score = AddScoreToMove(move1); if (b[row + 1, col] == b[row + 2, col]) { int move2Score = AddScoreToMove(move2); if (b[row + 2, col] == b[row + 3, col]) { int move3Score = AddScoreToMove(move3); if (b[row, col] == player) playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, 100 + move3Score + move2Score + move1Score + moveScore); // GET HIGHEST OF ALL EVALUATIONS OF THAT FOR LOOPS else if (b[row, col] == opponent) pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -100 - move3Score - move2Score - move1Score - moveScore); } if (b[row, col] == player) playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, 5 + move2Score + move1Score + moveScore); else if (b[row, col] == opponent) pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -5 - move2Score - move1Score - moveScore); } if (b[row, col] == player) playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, 2 + move1Score + moveScore); else if (b[row, col] == opponent) pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -2 - move1Score - moveScore); } if (b[row, col] == player) playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, moveScore); else if (b[row, col] == opponent) pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -moveScore); } } } // 'col win for (int row = 0; row <= 6; row++) { for (int col = 0; col <= 3; col++) { Move move3 = new Move() { row = row + 3, col = col }; Move move2 = new Move() { row = row + 2, col = col }; Move move1 = new Move() { row = row + 1, col = col }; Move move0 = new Move() { row = row, col = col }; if (!b[row, col] == " ") { int moveScore = AddScoreToMove(move0); if (b[row, col] == b[row, col + 1]) { int moveScore1 = AddScoreToMove(move1); if (b[row, col + 1] == b[row, col + 2]) { int moveScore2 = AddScoreToMove(move2); if (b[row, col + 2] == b[row, col + 3]) { int moveScore3 = AddScoreToMove(move3); if (b[row, col] == player) playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, 100 + moveScore3 + moveScore2 + moveScore1 + moveScore); else if (b[row, col] == opponent) pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -100 - moveScore3 - moveScore2 - moveScore1 - moveScore); } if (b[row, col] == player) playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, 5 + moveScore2 + moveScore1 + moveScore); else if (b[row, col] == opponent) pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -5 - moveScore2 - moveScore1 - moveScore); } if (b[row, col] == player) playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, 2 + moveScore1 + moveScore); else if (b[row, col] == opponent) pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -2 - moveScore1 - moveScore); } if (b[row, col] == player) playerScorerow = Math.Max(playerScorerow, moveScore); else if (b[row, col] == opponent) pcScorerow = Math.Min(pcScorerow, -moveScore); } } } // NOT FULLY IMPLEMENTED // cross win for (int row = 0; row <= 3; row++) { for (int col = 0; col <= 3; col++) { if (!b[row, col] == " ") { if ((b[row, col] == b[row + 1, col + 1] && b[row + 1, col + 1] == b[row + 2, col + 2] && b[row + 2, col + 2] == b[row + 3, col + 3])) { if (b[row, col] == player) return +10; else if (b[row, col] == opponent) return -10; } } } } // NOT FULLY IMPLEMENTED // cross win for (int row = 0; row <= 3; row++) { for (int col = 3; col <= 6; col++) { if (!b[row, col] == " ") { if ((b[row, col] == b[row + 1, col - 1] && b[row + 1, col - 1] == b[row + 2, col - 2] && b[row + 2, col - 2] == b[row + 3, col - 3])) { if (b[row, col] == player) return +10; else if (b[row, col] == opponent) return -10; } } } } int[] scoreValues = new[] { playerScorerow, playerScorecol, playerScorecross, pcScorerow, pcScorecol, pcScorecross }; var max = scoreValues.OrderByDescending(z => Math.Abs(z)).FirstOrDefault(); return max; } private static int MiniMax(char[,] board, bool machineMove, int depth) { const int alpha = -10_000; const int beta = 10_000; return AlphaBetaPruning(board, machineMove, depth, beta, alpha); } private static int AlphaBetaPruning(char[,] board, bool machineMove, int depth, int beta, int alpha) { if (depth == 0) return eval(board); if (machineMove) { for (int i = 0; i <= 6; i++) { for (int j = 0; j <= 6; j++) { if (board[i, j] == " ") { board[i, j] = opponent; int score = Math.Min(AlphaBetaPruning(board, !machineMove, depth - 1, beta, alpha), eval(board)); board[i, j] = " "; if (score < beta) { Form1.BestMoveRow = i; Form1.BestMoveCol = j; Form1.BestMoveScore = score; beta = score; } if (alpha >= beta) break; // cutoff } } } return beta; } else { for (int i = 0; i <= 6; i++) { for (int j = 0; j <= 6; j++) { if (board[i, j] == " ") { board[i, j] = player; int score = Math.Max(AlphaBetaPruning(board, !machineMove, depth - 1, beta, alpha), eval(board)); board[i, j] = " "; if (score > alpha) alpha = score; if (alpha >= beta) break; } } } return alpha; } } } -
VB.NET - Invoke ContextMenu Item Click Programatically for WebBrowser control
I am having a WebBrowser control and loaded a local image into an IMG tag and set the DocumentText of the WebBrowser as below
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <meta http-equiv='X-UA-Compatible' content='IE=10' /> <html lang='en'> <body style='margin: 0; overflow: hidden;'> <img Width = 1269 Height = 1600 src='C:\Users\ADMIN\Desktop\p41.png'></img> </body> </html>It is loading perfectly fine. For some reason, I want to invoke the context menu of the image and click one of the context menu items
programmatically(say for example "Copy" - though I don't want this - I can choose any item in the menu). I don't know how to achieve this. When I tried to iterate the context menu of the browser control, I am gettingSystem.NullReferenceException: 'Object reference not set to an instance of an object.'as I have not placed any ContextMenu control in the form, since I wanted to access the WebBrowser's inbuilt context menu. Is this achievable ?Or is there a way to get the code (which IE does) for each of its menu item, so I can directly call that - atleast for "Save picture as..." and "Copy"
Please Note: I do not want to use the "SRC" attribute to be part of any solution as I do not want that as you see I am the one forming the HTML tag with that. Hence I know that.
Please find the screenshot below
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Math expression parsing: incorrect output when a + followed by a -
I am trying to create a program that parses an expression such as
3x^3 + 7x^2 + 6x - 9. I am using a recursive system to do this. At the moment, I'm just testing to see if I get the correct output for the expression I input by only using constants in the expression. The code works fine with most expressions, but when I have a minus followed by a positive, both terms are subtracted (first term should be subtracted, second term should be added). An example of this is entering4*3^2-7*3+5*3. The answer to this is 30 but the program does4*3^2-7*3-5*3instead and outputs 0. I am unsure how to solve this.Code:
Private Function ParseExpr(ByRef expression As String) Dim op, op1 As Integer op = ParseFactor(expression) If expression.Length <> 0 Then If (expression(0) = "+") Then expression = expression.Substring(1, expression.Length - 1) op1 = ParseExpr(expression) op += op1 ElseIf (expression(0) = "-") Then expression = expression.Substring(1, expression.Length - 1) op1 = ParseExpr(expression) op -= op1 End If End If Return op End Function