PyHamcrest fails with the following error

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• Python File Tagging System does not retrieve nested dictionaries in dictionary

  I am building a file tagging system using Python. The idea is simple. Given a directory of files (and files within subdirectories), I want to filter them out using a filter input and tag those files with a word or a phrase.

  If I got the following contents in my current directory:

  data/
     budget.xls
     world_building_budget.txt
  a.txt
  b.exe
  hello_world.dat
  world_builder.spec
  

  and I execute the following command in the shell:

  py -3 tag_tool.py -filter=world -tag="World-Building Tool"
  

  My output will be:

  These files were tagged with "World-Building Tool":
  data/ world_building_budget.txt
  hello_world.dat
  world_builder.spec
  

  My current output isn't exactly like this but basically, I am converting all files and files within subdirectories into a single dictionary like this:

  def fs_tree_to_dict(path_):
      file_token = ''
      for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path_):
          tree = {d: fs_tree_to_dict(os.path.join(root, d)) for d in dirs}
          tree.update({f: file_token for f in files})
          return tree
  

  Right now, my dictionary looks like this: key:''.

  In the following function, I am turning the empty values '' into empty lists (to hold my tags):

  def empty_str_to_list(d):
      for k,v in d.items():
          if v == '':
              d[k] = []
          elif isinstance(v, dict):
              empty_str_to_list(v)
  

  When I run my entire code, this is my output:

  hello_world.dat ['World-Building Tool']
  world_builder.spec ['World-Building Tool']
  

  But it does not see data/world_building_budget.txt. This is the full dictionary:

  {'data': {'world_building_budget.txt': []},  
  'a.txt': [],
  'hello_world.dat': [], 
  'b.exe': [], 
  'world_builder.spec': []}
  
  

  This is my full code:

  import os, argparse
  
  
  def fs_tree_to_dict(path_):
      file_token = ''
      for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path_):
          tree = {d: fs_tree_to_dict(os.path.join(root, d)) for d in dirs}
          tree.update({f: file_token for f in files})
          return tree
  
  
  def empty_str_to_list(d):
      for k, v in d.items():
          if v == '':
              d[k] = []
          elif isinstance(v, dict):
              empty_str_to_list(v)
  
  
  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Just an example", formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
  
  parser.add_argument("--filter", action="store", help="keyword to filter files")
  parser.add_argument("--tag", action="store", help="a tag phrase to attach to a file")
  parser.add_argument("--get_tagged", action="store", help="retrieve files matching an existing tag")
  
  args = parser.parse_args()
  
  filter = args.filter
  tag = args.tag
  get_tagged = args.get_tagged
  current_dir = os.getcwd()
  
  files_dict = fs_tree_to_dict(current_dir)
  empty_str_to_list(files_dict)
  
  for k, v in files_dict.items():
      if filter in k:
          if v == []:
              v.append(tag)
              print(k, v)
  
          elif isinstance(v, dict):
              empty_str_to_list(v)
  
      if get_tagged in v:
          print(k, v)
  
• Actaully i am working on a project and in it, it is showing no module name pip_internal plz help me for the same. I am using pycharm(conda interpreter

   File "C:\Users\pjain\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\runpy.py", line 196, in _run_module_as_main
      return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
    File "C:\Users\pjain\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\runpy.py", line 86, in _run_code
      exec(code, run_globals)
    File "C:\Users\pjain\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\Scripts\pip.exe\__main__.py", line 4, in <module>
    File "C:\Users\pjain\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
      from pip_internal.utils import _log
  

  I am using pycharm with conda interpreter.

  
• Looping the function if the input is not string

  I'm new to python (first of all) I have a homework to do a function about checking if an item exists in a dictionary or not.

  inventory = {"apple" : 50, "orange" : 50, "pineapple" : 70, "strawberry" : 30}
  
  def check_item():
      x = input("Enter the fruit's name: ")
      if not x.isalpha():
          print("Error! You need to type the name of the fruit")
      elif x in inventory:
          print("Fruit found:", x)
          print("Inventory available:", inventory[x],"KG")
      else:
          print("Fruit not found")
  check_item()
  

  I want the function to loop again only if the input written is not string. I've tried to type return Under print("Error! You need to type the name of the fruit") but didn't work. Help
• Kotlin Coroutines Unit Testing

  Im trying to test this suspend function:

  suspend fun <T> getResult(call: suspend () -> Response<T>): Resource<T> {
  
    val response = call()
    val body = response.body()
    val code = response.code()
  
    if (response.isSuccessful) {
  
      Log.d(Cybrid.instance.tag, "Data: ${response.code()} - ${response.body()}")
      return Resource.success(body!!, code)
  
    } else if (response.code() == HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED || response.code() == HTTP_FORBIDDEN) {
  
      Cybrid.instance.let { cybrid ->
        cybrid.listener.let {
          cybrid.invalidToken = true
          it?.onTokenExpired()
        }
      }
      Log.e(Cybrid.instance.tag, "Error - Something wrong with TOKEN : ${response.code()} ${response.message()}")
      return Resource.error(response.message(), code=response.code())
    } else {
      Log.e(Cybrid.instance.tag, "Error - Other: ${response.code()} ${response.message()} :: ${response.raw()}")
      return Resource.error(message = response.message(), data= response.body(), code= response.code())
    }
  }
  

  With this Unit Test Case, all it cover except line 13 , I dont know how to cover the line!!!

  @ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
  @Test
  fun get400ErrorServerTest() = runBlocking {
  
      Cybrid.instance.setBearer("Bearer")
      val pricesService = AppModule.getClient().createService(PricesApi::class.java)
      val result = getResult { pricesService.listPrices() }
  
      Assert.assertNotNull(result)
      Assert.assertEquals(result.code, 400)
      Assert.assertNull(result.data)
  }
  

  The coverage report says:

  

  Some idea to get coverage for line 13 ??? Thnanks
• Is there any way to mock API responses using snapshots?

  I'm currently trying to find a good way to mock API responses for a subset of end-to-end tests, and was thinking it would be swell if there was a way to take snapshots when the backend services are healthy, and then use those snap-shotted responses in place of making actual HTTP requests when the tests are being run. Does anyone know if a library exists for this sort of thing?

  Basically, I'd like to do something like the following:

  it('does something', () => {
    const data = process.env.UPDATE_SNAPSHOTS ? getDataFromServer() : getDataFromSnapshot();
    saveSnapshot(data); // Saves snapshot data to file system like jest
    
    // Test things using "data"
  });
  

  It would be great if I could just use jest for this, since I'm using jest anyway. But as far as I can tell, jest doesn't have any file-based snapshot methods besides toMatchSnapshot() and I really need to be able to saveSnapshot() and readSnapshot() arbitrarily.
• Library functions in Inspec Test

  Team --

  I have a ruby library helper in which I have defined multiple functions/methods. How do I reference those in Chef Inspec tests?

  def interface_name
    # some code with logic
  end
  

  In my specific use case, I am checking to see if a custom networking device was specified as a JSON parameter, and if it was, I am validating it make sure its real (incase they misspelled it) and also gathering its IP and state and other data as reported by Ohai

  This is what I have so far, but I'm not sure if this is correct

    describe file('/path/to/custom_attributes.json') do
      it { should exist }
      unless json('/path/to/custom_attributes.json').empty? do
        its(['networking']['interface_name']) { should_not be_empty }
        interface_name = file(json('/path/to/custom_attributes.json').params['networking']['interface_name'])
      end
    end
  
    describe file('/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/wired_connection') do
      unless interface_name.empty?
        its('content') { should_not match(/^interface-name=wl.*/mx) }
      end
      its('content') { should match(%r{ca-cert=/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates\.crt}mx) }
      its('content') { should match(/id=\.corp.*type=ethernet.*autoconnect-priority=100.*dns-search=corp\.domain.com.*/mx) }
    end
  end
  

  The problem / question is that if I gather the parameter directly from the JSON file, then I am bypassing all the validation logic that I'm doing in the library, which defeats the purpose. So, how do I get access to that library function/method in the Inspec test?

  For reference, here is the function:

  def interface_name
    file = '/path/to/custom_attributes.json'
    if File.exist?(file) && !File.stat(file).zero?
      attributes = JSON.parse(File.read(file))
      device_name = attributes['networking']['interface_name']
      if device_name && !device_name.empty? && networking_devices.include?(device_name)
        interface = device_name
        Chef::Log.info("Valid custom interface provided, using \"#{device_name}\".")
      else
        Chef::Log.debug("Invalid interface (\"#{device_name}\") provided. Valid options are: \"#{networking_devices.keys}\"")
        interface = nil
      end
    else
      Chef::Log.debug('No custom interface provided.')
    end
    interface
  rescue JSON::ParserError
    nil
  end
  
• C++ asserts on try-catch

  My task is to create a program where I have to catch exceptions, because I haven't worked with them yet, I don't know how to set them up for these asserts. https://onecompiler.com/cpp/3y2sqxb2k

  //in main asserts

  try
    {
      a . addField ( "m_Status", CDataTypeInt () );
      assert ( "addField: missing exception!" == nullptr );
    }
    
    catch ( const invalid_argument & e )
    {
      assert ( e . what () == "Duplicate field: m_Status"sv );
    }
  
    try
    {
      cout << a . field ( "m_Fail" ) << endl;
      assert ( "field: missing exception!" == nullptr );
    }
    catch ( const invalid_argument & e )
    {
      assert ( e . what () == "Unknown field: m_Fail"sv );
    }
  
    try
    {
      CDataTypeEnum en;
      en . add ( "FIRST" ) .
           add ( "SECOND" ) .
           add ( "FIRST" );
      assert ( "add: missing exception!" == nullptr );
    }
    catch ( const invalid_argument & e )
    {
      assert ( e . what () == "Duplicate enum value: FIRST"sv );
    }
  

  I capture them in the program like this. Here are 3 parts of the program where I process them

  class CDataTypeEnum : public CDataType
          {
      
              CDataTypeEnum& add(const string & x)
              {
                for(vector<string>::iterator it = db.begin(); it != db.end(); ++it)
                {
                  if(*it == x)
                  {
                    CSyntaxException e("Duplicate enum value: " + x);
                    throw e;
                  }
                }
                db.push_back(x);
                return *this;
              }
  

  ...

  class CDataTypeStruct : public CDataType
  {
    public:
      CDataTypeStruct & addField(const string& name, const CDataType & type)
      {
        CDataType * tmp = type.clone();
        shared_ptr<CDataType> tmpp (tmp);
  
        for(vector<pair<string, shared_ptr<CDataType> > >::iterator it = db.begin(); it !=  db.end(); ++it)
        {
          if (it->first == name)
          {
            throw CSyntaxException("Duplicate field: " + name);
          }
        }
  

  ..

  CDataType & field(const string& n) const
      {
        for(vector<pair<string, shared_ptr<CDataType> > >::const_iterator it = db.begin(); it !=  db.end(); ++it)
        {
          if (it->first == n)
          {
            return *(it->second);
          }
        }
        throw CSyntaxException("Unknown field: " + n);
      }
  
• Can not add Seaborn dependency using Poetry on Python

  I'm trying to add Seaborn dependency to my module, using Poetry.

  I've tried it on different ways, but always without success, maybe I'm doing it wrong.

  Here's my current toml config file:

  [tool.poetry]
  name = "seaborn"
  version = "0.1.0"
  description = ""
  authors = ["me"]
  
  [tool.poetry.dependencies]
  python = "3.9.6"
  pandas = "^1.4.1"
  jupyter = "^^.0.0"
  scipy = "1.7.0"
  numpy = "^1.22.3"
  
  
  [tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
  pytest = "^5.2"
  
  [build-system]
  requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]
  build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
  

  I've tried on the CLI:

  poetry add seaborn
  

  But no success. Here's the output

   poetry add seaborn
  Using version ^0.11.2 for seaborn
  
  Updating dependencies
  Resolving dependencies... (0.0s)
  
    AssertionError
  
    
  
    at ~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.0/lib/python3.10/site-packages/poetry/mixology/incompatibility.py:111 in __str__
        107│         )
        108│ 
        109│     def __str__(self):
        110│         if isinstance(self._cause, DependencyCause):
      → 111│             assert len(self._terms) == 2
        112│ 
        113│             depender = self._terms[0]
        114│             dependee = self._terms[1]
        115│             assert depender.is_positive()
  
  

  If I try to add it to the toml config file like seaborn = "^0.0.1" The out put is very similar:

  poetry update     
  Updating dependencies
  Resolving dependencies... (0.0s)
  
    AssertionError
  
    
  
    at ~/.pyenv/versions/3.10.0/lib/python3.10/site-packages/poetry/mixology/incompatibility.py:111 in __str__
        107│         )
        108│ 
        109│     def __str__(self):
        110│         if isinstance(self._cause, DependencyCause):
      → 111│             assert len(self._terms) == 2
        112│ 
        113│             depender = self._terms[0]
        114│             dependee = self._terms[1]
        115│             assert depender.is_positive()
  
  

  Can anyone help me?

  Thank you so much!
• in golang how to access data from a list of maps

  Using Avi Go SDK to get gslbservice as below,

  var gslbmap map[string]interface{}
  err = aviClient.AviSession.GetObjectByName("gslbservice", "GSLBNAME", &gslbmap)
  if err != nil {
      t.Error(err)
  }
  

  And it get store the metadata in a map,

  map[_last_modified:1651222310086902 
      controller_health_status_enabled:true 
      created_by:null 
      description:null 
      domain_names:[DOMAINNAME] 
      down_response:map[type:GSLB_SERVICE_DOWN_RESPONSE_ALL_RECORDS] 
      enabled:true 
      groups:[map[algorithm:GSLB_ALGORITHM_ROUND_ROBIN 
                  members:[map[cluster_uuid:xxxxxxxxxx
                              enabled:true 
                              fqdn:HOST 
                              ip:map[addr:IPADDRESS 
                                     type:V4] 
                              location:map[source:GSLB_LOCATION_SRC_INHERIT_FROM_SITE] 
                              ratio:1]] 
                  name:POOLNAME 
                  priority:10]] 
      health_monitor_refs:[https://xxxxxxxxxxx] 
      health_monitor_scope:GSLB_SERVICE_HEALTH_MONITOR_ALL_MEMBERS 
      name:GSLBNAME 
      num_dns_ip:1 
      tenant_ref:https://xxxxxxxxxxx 
      ttl:30 
      url:https://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
      use_edns_client_subnet:true 
      uuid:gslbservice-xxxxxxxxxxxx 
      wildcard_match:false]
  

  I am able to access name and domain_names,

  assert.Equal(t, gslbmap["name"], "GSLBNAME")
  
  assert.Equal(t, gslbmap["domain_names"], []interface {}([]interface {}{"GSLBNAME"}))
  

  Now I am trying to access fields such as algorithm, fqdn which are inside a map list (or is it an array?) (groups)

  Any assistance,
• pyhamcrest matcher for list fails

  I have in my code the following test function:

  from hamcrest import assert_that, contains_inanyorder, has_entries
  
  def test_associate_multiple_agents_to_skill(agent1, agent2, skill):
      with a.agent_skill(agent1, skill):
          response = confd.agents(agent2['id']).skills(skill['id']).put()
          response.assert_updated()
  
          response = confd.agents.skills(skill['id']).get()
          logger.critical(response)
          logger.critical(response.item)
          assert_that(
              response.item,
              has_entries(
                   agents=contains_inanyorder(
                       has_entries(id=agent1['id']), has_entries(id=agent2['id'])
                   )
              ),
          )
  
  

  which gives me the following AssertionError:

  
  AssertionError:
  Expected: a dictionary containing {'agents': a sequence over [a dictionary containing {'id': <8>}, a dictionary containing {'id': <9>}] in any order}
       but: value for 'agents' not matched: <[{'id': 8, 'number': '6977', 'firstname': None, 'lastname': None, 'links': [{'rel': 'agents', 'href': 'http://127.0.0.1:49462/1.1/agents/8'}]}]>
  
  

  and the output of the logger.critical that I did in the function's code to check the response is:

  <Response 200
  {'agents': [ [{'firstname': None,
                'id': 8,
                'lastname': None,
                'links': [{'href': 'http://127.0.0.1:49404/1.1/agents/8',
                           'rel': 'agents'}],
                'number': '6481'}],
              [{'firstname': None,
                'id': 9,
                'lastname': None,
                'links': [{'href': 'http://127.0.0.1:49404/1.1/agents/9',
                           'rel': 'agents'}],
                'number': '9741'}]],
   'category': None,
   'description': None,
   'id': 8,
   'links': [{'href': 'http://127.0.0.1:49404/1.1/agents/skills/8',
              'rel': 'skills'}],
   'name': 'iKZJOZDEfc',
   'tenant_uuid': 'eeeeeeee-eeee-eeee-eeee-eeeeeeeeeee1'}
  >
  

  and the output for response.item is:

  {'id': 8, 'tenant_uuid': 'eeeeeeee-eeee-eeee-eeee-eeeeeeeeeee1', 'name': 'iKZJOZDEfc', 'category': None, 'description': None, 'links': [{'rel': 'skills', 'href': 'http://127.0.0.1:49404/1.1/agents/skills/8'}], 'agents': [ [ {'id': 8, 'number': '6481', 'firstname': None, 'lastname': None, 'links': [{'rel': 'agents', 'href': 'http://127.0.0.1:49404/1.1/agents/8'}]}], [{'id': 9, 'number': '9741', 'firstname': None, 'lastname': None, 'links': [{'rel': 'agents', 'href': 'http://127.0.0.1:49404/1.1/agents/9'}]}]]}
  
  

  I have tried to change the function into the following but stil; it did not work:

  def test_associate_multiple_agents_to_skill(agent1, agent2, skill):
      with a.agent_skill(agent1, skill):
          response = confd.agents(agent2['id']).skills(skill['id']).put()
          response.assert_updated()
  
          response = confd.agents.skills(skill['id']).get()
          logger.critical(response)
          logger.critical(response.item)
          assert_that(
              response.item,
              has_entries(
                  agents=has_items(
                      contains_inanyorder(
                          has_entries(id=agent1['id']),
                      ),
                      contains_inanyorder(
                          has_entries(id=agent2['id']),
                      ),
                  ),
              ),
          )
  

  Any suggestions to make the assertion work?
• Marshmallow ValidationError 'field_name' issue

  I have one question concerning newer versions of Marhsmallow API. In our project we are currently using Marshmallow version 3.0.0b14; and we have the following tests functions defined (work perfectly):

  from marshmallow.exceptions import ValidationError
  from hamcrest import assert_that, calling, has_properties, has_item, not_
  
  def test_invalid_expiration(self):
          invalid_values = [None, True, False, 'foobar', 0]
  
          for value in invalid_values:
              body = {'expiration': value}
              assert_that(
                  calling(self.schema.load).with_args(body),
                  raises(ValidationError).matching(
                      has_properties(field_names=has_item('expiration'))
                  ),
              )
  
  def test_that_acces_type_offline_requires_a_client_id(self):
          body = {'access_type': 'offline'}
  
          assert_that(
              calling(self.schema.load).with_args(body),
              raises(ValidationError).matching(
                  has_properties(field_names=has_item('_schema'))
              ),
          )
  
  def test_that_the_access_type_is_online_when_using_a_refresh_token(self):
          body = {'refresh_token': 'foobar', 'client_id': 'x'}
  
          assert_that(calling(self.schema.load).with_args(body), not_(raises(Exception)))
  
          assert_that(
              calling(self.schema.load).with_args({'access_type': 'online', **body}),
              not_(raises(Exception)),
          )
  
          assert_that(
              calling(self.schema.load).with_args({'access_type': 'offline', **body}),
              raises(ValidationError).matching(
                  has_properties(field_names=has_item('_schema'))
              ),
          )
  
  def test_that_a_refresh_token_requires_a_client_id(self):
          body = {'refresh_token': 'the-token'}
  
          assert_that(
              calling(self.schema.load).with_args({'client_id': 'x', **body}),
              not_(raises(Exception)),
          )
  
          assert_that(
              calling(self.schema.load).with_args(body),
              raises(ValidationError).matching(
                  has_properties(field_names=has_item('_schema'))
              ),
          )
  

  Now, we are trying to bump the version of Marshmallow in order to upgrade it to 3.10.0; however, in this version, field_names from ValidationError has been removed and replaced by field_name (which is always equal to _schema if i am correct).

  So my question is the following: how can we change/modify the tests posted above so that we don't have any error when executing them. This is what I have tried so far:

  raises(ValidationError).matching(
                       has_properties(messages=has_item('expiration'))
                   ),
  
  
  raises(ValidationError).matching(
                   has_properties(messages=has_item('_schema'))
               ),
  

  We did not match on the new field_name since it is always equal to _schema; so we went on matching/probing the messages field; the following issue relates to a similar issue to what we are facing:

  https://github.com/marshmallow-code/marshmallow/issues/1499