file_name='export.pkl' 50 ---> 51 predictor = Predict(file_name)

See also questions close to this topic

• Python File Tagging System does not retrieve nested dictionaries in dictionary

  I am building a file tagging system using Python. The idea is simple. Given a directory of files (and files within subdirectories), I want to filter them out using a filter input and tag those files with a word or a phrase.

  If I got the following contents in my current directory:

  data/
     budget.xls
     world_building_budget.txt
  a.txt
  b.exe
  hello_world.dat
  world_builder.spec
  

  and I execute the following command in the shell:

  py -3 tag_tool.py -filter=world -tag="World-Building Tool"
  

  My output will be:

  These files were tagged with "World-Building Tool":
  data/ world_building_budget.txt
  hello_world.dat
  world_builder.spec
  

  My current output isn't exactly like this but basically, I am converting all files and files within subdirectories into a single dictionary like this:

  def fs_tree_to_dict(path_):
      file_token = ''
      for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path_):
          tree = {d: fs_tree_to_dict(os.path.join(root, d)) for d in dirs}
          tree.update({f: file_token for f in files})
          return tree
  

  Right now, my dictionary looks like this: key:''.

  In the following function, I am turning the empty values '' into empty lists (to hold my tags):

  def empty_str_to_list(d):
      for k,v in d.items():
          if v == '':
              d[k] = []
          elif isinstance(v, dict):
              empty_str_to_list(v)
  

  When I run my entire code, this is my output:

  hello_world.dat ['World-Building Tool']
  world_builder.spec ['World-Building Tool']
  

  But it does not see data/world_building_budget.txt. This is the full dictionary:

  {'data': {'world_building_budget.txt': []},  
  'a.txt': [],
  'hello_world.dat': [], 
  'b.exe': [], 
  'world_builder.spec': []}
  
  

  This is my full code:

  import os, argparse
  
  
  def fs_tree_to_dict(path_):
      file_token = ''
      for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path_):
          tree = {d: fs_tree_to_dict(os.path.join(root, d)) for d in dirs}
          tree.update({f: file_token for f in files})
          return tree
  
  
  def empty_str_to_list(d):
      for k, v in d.items():
          if v == '':
              d[k] = []
          elif isinstance(v, dict):
              empty_str_to_list(v)
  
  
  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Just an example", formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
  
  parser.add_argument("--filter", action="store", help="keyword to filter files")
  parser.add_argument("--tag", action="store", help="a tag phrase to attach to a file")
  parser.add_argument("--get_tagged", action="store", help="retrieve files matching an existing tag")
  
  args = parser.parse_args()
  
  filter = args.filter
  tag = args.tag
  get_tagged = args.get_tagged
  current_dir = os.getcwd()
  
  files_dict = fs_tree_to_dict(current_dir)
  empty_str_to_list(files_dict)
  
  for k, v in files_dict.items():
      if filter in k:
          if v == []:
              v.append(tag)
              print(k, v)
  
          elif isinstance(v, dict):
              empty_str_to_list(v)
  
      if get_tagged in v:
          print(k, v)
  
• Actaully i am working on a project and in it, it is showing no module name pip_internal plz help me for the same. I am using pycharm(conda interpreter

   File "C:\Users\pjain\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\runpy.py", line 196, in _run_module_as_main
      return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
    File "C:\Users\pjain\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\runpy.py", line 86, in _run_code
      exec(code, run_globals)
    File "C:\Users\pjain\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\Scripts\pip.exe\__main__.py", line 4, in <module>
    File "C:\Users\pjain\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
      from pip_internal.utils import _log
  

  I am using pycharm with conda interpreter.

  
• Looping the function if the input is not string

  I'm new to python (first of all) I have a homework to do a function about checking if an item exists in a dictionary or not.

  inventory = {"apple" : 50, "orange" : 50, "pineapple" : 70, "strawberry" : 30}
  
  def check_item():
      x = input("Enter the fruit's name: ")
      if not x.isalpha():
          print("Error! You need to type the name of the fruit")
      elif x in inventory:
          print("Fruit found:", x)
          print("Inventory available:", inventory[x],"KG")
      else:
          print("Fruit not found")
  check_item()
  

  I want the function to loop again only if the input written is not string. I've tried to type return Under print("Error! You need to type the name of the fruit") but didn't work. Help
• how do I dissable debian python path/recursion limit

  so, as of late, I've been having path length limit and recursion limit issues, so I really need to know how to disable these.

  I can't even install modules like discord.py!!!!
• TypeError: 'float' object cannot be interpreted as an integer on linspace

     TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
  d:\website\SpeechProcessForMachineLearning-master\SpeechProcessForMachineLearning-master\speech_process.ipynb Cell 15' in <cell line: 1>()
  
       -->1 plot_freq(signal, sample_rate)
  d:\website\SpeechProcessForMachineLearning-master\SpeechProcessForMachineLearning-master\speech_process.ipynb Cell 10' in plot_freq(signal, sample_rate, fft_size)
  
          2 def plot_freq(signal, sample_rate, fft_size=512):
            3     xf = np.fft.rfft(signal, fft_size) / fft_size
      ----> 4     freq = np.linspace(0, sample_rate/2, fft_size/2 + 1)
            5     xfp = 20 * np.log10(np.clip(np.abs(xf), 1e-20, 1e100))
            6     plt.figure(figsize=(20, 5))
  
  File <__array_function__ internals>:5, in linspace(*args, **kwargs)
  
  File ~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\function_base.py:120, in linspace(start, stop, num, endpoint, retstep, dtype, axis)
  
       23 @array_function_dispatch(_linspace_dispatcher)
           24 def linspace(start, stop, num=50, endpoint=True, retstep=False, dtype=None,
           25              axis=0):
           26     """
           27     Return evenly spaced numbers over a specified interval.
           28 
         (...)
          118 
          119     """
      --> 120     num = operator.index(num)
          121     if num < 0:
          122         raise ValueError("Number of samples, %s, must be non-negative." % num)
      
      TypeError: 'float' object cannot be interpreted as an integer
  

  What solution about this problem?
• IndexError: list index out of range with api

  all_currencies = currency_api('latest', 'currencies')  # {'eur': 'Euro', 'usd': 'United States dollar', ...}
  all_currencies.pop('brl')
  qtd_moedas = len(all_currencies)
  texto = f'{qtd_moedas} Moedas encontradas\n\n'
  moedas_importantes = ['usd', 'eur', 'gbp', 'chf', 'jpy', 'rub', 'aud', 'cad', 'ars']
  
  while len(moedas_importantes) != 0:
      for codigo, moeda in all_currencies.items():
          if codigo == moedas_importantes[0]:
              cotacao, data = currency_api('latest', f'currencies/{codigo}/brl')['brl'], currency_api('latest', f'currencies/{codigo}/brl')['date']
              texto += f'{moeda} ({codigo.upper()}) = R$ {cotacao}   [{data}]\n'
              moedas_importantes.remove(codigo)
              if len(moedas_importantes) == 0: break  # WITHOUT THIS LINE, GIVES ERROR
  

  Why am I getting this error? the list actually runs out of elements, but the code only works with the if
• is there a way to get a new image to display using a function inside of a function?

  I'm doing a project for school and I have no clue as to why this isn't working. Any help is appreciated!

  from tkinter import *
  
  def main():
      def change():
          photo2 = PhotoImage(file=r"image2")
          label.configure(image = photo2)
  
      mainwindow.destroy()
      window = Tk()
      window.geometry("1500x1500")
      photo1 = PhotoImage(file = r"image1")
      label = Label(window, image = photo1)
      label.place(x = 20, y = 20)
      button = Button(window, text = "Click Me!", command = change)
      button.place(x = 0, y = 0)
      window.mainloop()
  
  mainwindow = Tk()
  mainwindow.geometry("700x700")
  start = Button(mainwindow, text = "start", command = main)
  start.place(x = 0, y = 0)
  
  mainwindow.mainloop()
  
• What is the reason of this error I'm getting when using tkinter for a math app

  Im making a program that will do most of my homework. Im trying to add some ui and it gives errors in my code. Please tell what's wrong. Make it easy enough for a 13 year old to understand because I'm new to python. This gives an error only when i use canvas. If i use window, then it doesn't but i want to use canvas because I can change their position more accurately

  from tkinter import *
  
  root=Tk()
  canvas1 = Canvas(root, width = 400, height = 300)
  canvas1.pack()
  entry1 = Entry (root) 
  canvas1.create_window(200, 140, window=entry1)
  entry2 = Entry (root) 
  canvas1.create_window(200, 180, window=entry2)
  entry3 = Entry (root) 
  canvas1.create_window(200, 220, window=entry3)
  
  def getvalue():
        p=entry1.get()
        r=entry2.get()
        t=entry3.get()      
        labelans = Label(root, text = float(p*r*t)/100)
        canvas1.create_window(200, 230, window=labelans)
  
  label1 = Label(root, text="Time")
  canvas1.create_window(437, 220, window=label1)
  label2 = Label(root, text="Rate")
  canvas1.create_window(437,180, window=label2)
  label3 = Label(root, text="Principal")
  canvas1.create_window(465, 140, window=label3)
  
  button1 = Button(text='Solve!', bg="red", command=getvalue)
  canvas1.create_window(200, 300, window=button1)
  
  mainloop()
  

  *And it gives this error

  Exception in Tkinter callback
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/data/user/0/ru.iiec.pydroid3/files/arm-linux-androideabi/lib/python3.9/tkinter/__init__.py", line 1892, in __call__
      return self.func(*args)
    File "/data/user/0/ru.iiec.pydroid3/files/temp_iiec_codefile.py", line 17, in getvalue
      labelans = Label(root, text = float(p*r*t)/100)
  TypeError: can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'str'
  Exception in Tkinter callback
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/data/user/0/ru.iiec.pydroid3/files/arm-linux-androideabi/lib/python3.9/tkinter/__init__.py", line 1892, in __call__
      return self.func(*args)
    File "/data/user/0/ru.iiec.pydroid3/files/temp_iiec_codefile.py", line 17, in getvalue
      labelans = Label(root, text = float(p*r*t)/100)
  TypeError: can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'str'
  Exception in Tkinter callback
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/data/user/0/ru.iiec.pydroid3/files/arm-linux-androideabi/lib/python3.9/tkinter/__init__.py", line 1892, in __call__
      return self.func(*args)
    File "/data/user/0/ru.iiec.pydroid3/files/temp_iiec_codefile.py", line 17, in getvalue
      labelans = Label(root, text = float(p*r*t)/100)
  TypeError: can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'str'
  Exception in Tkinter callback
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/data/user/0/ru.iiec.pydroid3/files/arm-linux-androideabi/lib/python3.9/tkinter/__init__.py", line 1892, in __call__
      return self.func(*args)
    File "/data/user/0/ru.iiec.pydroid3/files/temp_iiec_codefile.py", line 17, in getvalue
      labelans = Label(root, text = float(p*r*t)/100)
  TypeError: can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'str'
  Exception in Tkinter callback
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/data/user/0/ru.iiec.pydroid3/files/arm-linux-androideabi/lib/python3.9/tkinter/__init__.py", line 1892, in __call__
      return self.func(*args)
    File "/data/user/0/ru.iiec.pydroid3/files/temp_iiec_codefile.py", line 17, in getvalue
      labelans = Label(root, text = float(p*r*t)/100)
  TypeError: can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'str'*
  
• How to use Tkinter after method to give the impression of a wheel spinning?

  I'm trying to create three separate 'wheels' that change the starting position of the first arc in order to give the impression of the wheel spinning. Tkinter will draw the first wheel on the canvas and delete it after 1 second, but the subsequent wheels are never drawn.

      from tkinter import Canvas, Tk
  
      tk = Tk()
      tk.geometry('500x500')
  
      canvas = Canvas(tk)
      canvas.pack(expand=True, fill='both')
  
      in_list = [1,1,1,1,1,1,1]
  
      arc_length = 360 / len(in_list)
      first_mvmt = arc_length / 3
      second_mvmt = arc_length * 2 / 3
  
      mvmt_list = [0, first_mvmt, second_mvmt]
  
      for mvmt in mvmt_list:
          for i in range(len(in_list)):
              start = i * arc_length
              extent = (i + 1) * arc_length
              arc = canvas.create_arc(5, 5, 495, 495, outline='white', start=start + mvmt, extent=extent)
  
          canvas.after(1000)
          canvas.delete('all')
  
  
      tk.mainloop()
  

  Also please excuse my poor formatting, this is my first post on stackoverflow
• python screengrab problem (on yolov5, pytorch)

  im trying to get a screenshot of a window as fast and then inference on yolov5 it works but sometimes it doesnt detect very well compared to using detect.py on the same image. i think its probably because of img shape or array but i dont know where or how to edit those to make it work. can anyone help me with this please?

  import torch
  import numpy as np
  import win32gui
  import win32ui
  import win32con
  
  
  
  w = 800 # set this
  h = 600 # set this
  bmpfilenamename = "color.bmp" #set this
  windowname = 'put windowname'
  
  
  def screenshot():
      hwnd = win32gui.FindWindow(None, windowname)
      wDC = win32gui.GetWindowDC(hwnd)
      dcObj=win32ui.CreateDCFromHandle(wDC)
      cDC=dcObj.CreateCompatibleDC()
      dataBitMap = win32ui.CreateBitmap()
      dataBitMap.CreateCompatibleBitmap(dcObj, w, h)
      cDC.SelectObject(dataBitMap)
      cDC.BitBlt((0,0),(w, h) , dcObj, (0,0), win32con.SRCCOPY)
  
  #save the screenshot
  #dataBitMap.SaveBitmapFile(cDC, bmpfilenamename)
  
  signedIntsArray = dataBitMap.GetBitmapBits(True)
  img = np.frombuffer(signedIntsArray, dtype='uint8')
  img.shape = (h,w,4)
  
  # Free Resources
  dcObj.DeleteDC()
  cDC.DeleteDC()
  win32gui.ReleaseDC(hwnd, wDC)
  win32gui.DeleteObject(dataBitMap.GetHandle())
  
  #img = img[..., ::-1]
  #img = np.ascontiguousarray(img)
  
  return img
  
  #load
  model = torch.hub.load('./', 'custom', path='yolov5s.pt', source='local')
  
  
  #inference
  test = screenshot()
  results = model(test)
  boxes = results.pandas().xyxy[0]
  print (boxes)
  

  edit : i figured you can do it by changing the code from this

  results = model(test) 
  

  to this

  results = model(cv.cvtColor(test, cv.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
  

  but isnt this code supposed to do the same? for some reason this one wont work

  img[:    ,:    ,::-1]
  
• Pytorch get "reduced" tensor by indices

  I have a tensor a = torch.arange(6).reshape(2,3), and another tensor b=(torch.rand(a.size())> 0.5).int().nonzero().

  I want to create a new tensor that contains only values from a of the indices that are indicated by b.

  For example:

  a = torch.arange(6).reshape(2,3) # tensor([[0, 1, 2],
                                   #         [3, 4, 5]])
  b = (torch.rand(a.size())> 0.5).int().nonzero() # tensor([[0, 1],
                                                  #         [0, 2],
                                                  #         [1, 0],
                                                  #         [1, 1]])
  

  The desired output is:

  tensor([1,2,3,4])

  I know that I can iterate over the values of b and access those values in a as indices but I wanted to know if there is a better Pytorch way to to this (using tensor operations only).

  ** The shape of the output tensor doesn't really matter, I just need to have a tensor with only the values indicated by b.
• Print accuracy for YOLOv5 model?

  I want to print the accuracy of my trained model. I do understand when I use the model through the camera it shows me the accuracy on the box only, but I want to see the accuracy of my whole model rather than a single instance of my image.

  cap  = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
  
  # loop through labels
  for label in labels:
      print('Collecting images for {}'.format(label)) #so that we can see when transitioning through images
      time.sleep(5)  #sleep or wait for 5 seconds when transitioning between image for other class
      
      # Loop through image range
      for img_num in range(number_imgs):
          print('Collecting images for {}, image number {}'.format(label, img_num))
          
          # webcam feed
          ret, frame = cap.read()   # read the feed from the web cam and store it in given vars
          
          # Naming image path
          imgname = os.path.join(IMAGES_PATH, label+'.'+str(uuid.uuid1())+'.jpg')
          
          #Writes out image to file
          cv2.imwrite(imgname,frame)
          
          # Render to screen
          cv2.imshow('Image Collection', frame)
          
          # 2 sec delay between diff captures
          time.sleep(2)
          
          if cv2.waitKey(10) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
              break
  cap.release()
  cv2.destroyAllWindows()
  

  !cd yolov5 && python train.py --img 320 --batch 16 --epochs 500 --data dataset.yml --weights yolov5s.pt
  

  model = torch.hub.load('ultralytics/yolov5', 'custom', path='yolov5/runs/train/exp/weights/last.pt', force_reload=True)
  while cap.isOpened():
      ret, frame = cap.read()
      
      # Make detections 
      results = model(frame)
      
      cv2.imshow('YOLO', np.squeeze(results.render()))
      
      if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
          break
          
  cap.release()
  cv2.destroyAllWindows()
  cv2.waitKey(1)
  
• how do I resize the image shown by st.image

  I have the following code:

  bottom_image = st.file_uploader('', type='jpg', key=6)
  if bottom_image is not None:
      st.image(bottom_image)
  

  the problem I run into is some of the images are very large and I want to be able to size them to a fixed size.

  Not sure if this makes a difference or not, but the file_uploader is in a column.

  I looked at creating a thumbnail but I could not figure that out.

  Thoughts?
• My streamlit app opens in a browser but it is blank and shows 'client connecting' only

  I deployed my streamlit using github at streamlit.io, and i couldn't open it in my chrome, it keeps showing "[client] Connecting.." and it took forever. The error shown in my chrome console:

  WebSocket connection to 'wss://apps.streamlitusercontent.com/calvinhartono8/advertising-streamlit/main/Advertising.py/logstream' failed:

  But, it could be opened in my another account's chrome and some other browsers.

  The library i used are: streamlit pandas plotly seaborn scikit-learn Pillow

  Link to my streamlit app: https://share.streamlit.io/calvinhartono8/advertising-streamlit/main/Advertising.py
• tensorflow module not found, while using streamlit

  PS D:\projects\fashion-recommender-system> streamlit run main1.py

  You can now view your Streamlit app in your browser.

  Local URL: http://localhost:8501 Network URL: http://192.168.1.213:8501

  2022-05-04 14:12:41.903 Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\prana\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\streamlit\scriptrunner\script_runner.py", line 443, in run_script exec(code, module.dict) File "D:\projects\fashion-recommender-system\main1.py", line 1, in import tensorflow File "C:\Users\prana\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\site-packages\tensorflow_init.py", line 37, in from tensorflow.python.tools import module_util as _module_util ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'tensorflow.python'

  above is the output of terminal. tensorflow is installed in python and does work when I run python file, but when I run the python file using streamlit run main.py, It doesn't find any tensorflow module.

  I have installed python versions of 3.9 and 3.7 In 3.7 python shell when I import tensorflow, there is no error In 3.9 python shell when I import tensorflow there is error

  when I run pip --version command it gives me this warning pip --version WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will fail in a future version of pip. Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on fixing the underlying issue. To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of running pip directly. pip 22.0.4 from C:\Users\prana\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python37\site-packages\pip (python 3.7)

  I don't know what is causing streamlit to not found tensorflow module, please help me.