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How to draw a plot with srveral Gaussuans without any data in Python?

2022-04-27 17:41 angry_hikki imported from Stackoverflow

So, I wanna do a spectrum with 4 lines described as gaussian fuctions. I know only their x and y and know how it's supposed to look, but have no data. How do I do a dataset for this plot so that would be arrays for x and y axes? The plot has to look like that: enter image description here

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  • Python File Tagging System does not retrieve nested dictionaries in dictionary

    I am building a file tagging system using Python. The idea is simple. Given a directory of files (and files within subdirectories), I want to filter them out using a filter input and tag those files with a word or a phrase.

    If I got the following contents in my current directory:

    data/
   budget.xls
   world_building_budget.txt
a.txt
b.exe
hello_world.dat
world_builder.spec

    and I execute the following command in the shell:

    py -3 tag_tool.py -filter=world -tag="World-Building Tool"

    My output will be:

    These files were tagged with "World-Building Tool":
data/ world_building_budget.txt
hello_world.dat
world_builder.spec

    My current output isn't exactly like this but basically, I am converting all files and files within subdirectories into a single dictionary like this:

    def fs_tree_to_dict(path_):
    file_token = ''
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path_):
        tree = {d: fs_tree_to_dict(os.path.join(root, d)) for d in dirs}
        tree.update({f: file_token for f in files})
        return tree

    Right now, my dictionary looks like this: key:''.

    In the following function, I am turning the empty values '' into empty lists (to hold my tags):

    def empty_str_to_list(d):
    for k,v in d.items():
        if v == '':
            d[k] = []
        elif isinstance(v, dict):
            empty_str_to_list(v)

    When I run my entire code, this is my output:

    hello_world.dat ['World-Building Tool']
world_builder.spec ['World-Building Tool']

    But it does not see data/world_building_budget.txt. This is the full dictionary:

    {'data': {'world_building_budget.txt': []},  
'a.txt': [],
'hello_world.dat': [], 
'b.exe': [], 
'world_builder.spec': []}

    This is my full code:

    import os, argparse


def fs_tree_to_dict(path_):
    file_token = ''
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path_):
        tree = {d: fs_tree_to_dict(os.path.join(root, d)) for d in dirs}
        tree.update({f: file_token for f in files})
        return tree


def empty_str_to_list(d):
    for k, v in d.items():
        if v == '':
            d[k] = []
        elif isinstance(v, dict):
            empty_str_to_list(v)


parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Just an example", formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)

parser.add_argument("--filter", action="store", help="keyword to filter files")
parser.add_argument("--tag", action="store", help="a tag phrase to attach to a file")
parser.add_argument("--get_tagged", action="store", help="retrieve files matching an existing tag")

args = parser.parse_args()

filter = args.filter
tag = args.tag
get_tagged = args.get_tagged
current_dir = os.getcwd()

files_dict = fs_tree_to_dict(current_dir)
empty_str_to_list(files_dict)

for k, v in files_dict.items():
    if filter in k:
        if v == []:
            v.append(tag)
            print(k, v)

        elif isinstance(v, dict):
            empty_str_to_list(v)

    if get_tagged in v:
        print(k, v)
  • Actaully i am working on a project and in it, it is showing no module name pip_internal plz help me for the same. I am using pycharm(conda interpreter 
     File "C:\Users\pjain\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\runpy.py", line 196, in _run_module_as_main
    return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
  File "C:\Users\pjain\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\runpy.py", line 86, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "C:\Users\pjain\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\Scripts\pip.exe\__main__.py", line 4, in <module>
  File "C:\Users\pjain\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
    from pip_internal.utils import _log

    I am using pycharm with conda interpreter.

  • Looping the function if the input is not string

    I'm new to python (first of all) I have a homework to do a function about checking if an item exists in a dictionary or not.

    inventory = {"apple" : 50, "orange" : 50, "pineapple" : 70, "strawberry" : 30}

def check_item():
    x = input("Enter the fruit's name: ")
    if not x.isalpha():
        print("Error! You need to type the name of the fruit")
    elif x in inventory:
        print("Fruit found:", x)
        print("Inventory available:", inventory[x],"KG")
    else:
        print("Fruit not found")
check_item()

    I want the function to loop again only if the input written is not string. I've tried to type return Under print("Error! You need to type the name of the fruit") but didn't work. Help

  • How to deal with the colorbar axis space in matplotlib subplots

    I am plotting seven different parameters over four seasons, as shown in below image. but on last column (Post-Monsoon) sub_plots axis compromised with colorbar axis, that is really awkward!!

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import cartopy
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
from cartopy.mpl.gridliner import LONGITUDE_FORMATTER, LATITUDE_FORMATTER
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')

k = [1,5,9,13,17,21,25]
k1= [25,26,27,28]
k2= [4,8,12,16,20,24,28]
k3= [1,2,3,4]
k4=[25]
S=['Winter','Pre-monsoon','Monsoon','Post-Monsoon']

fig=plt.figure(figsize=(13,11), dpi=300)
for i in range(1,29):
    ax = fig.add_subplot(7,4,i, projection=ccrs.PlateCarree())
    ax.set_extent([39.9,100.5,-0.5,25.5],ccrs.PlateCarree())
    ax.add_feature(cartopy.feature.COASTLINE)
    ax.add_feature(cartopy.feature.BORDERS, linestyle='-')
    ax.add_feature(cartopy.feature.LAND, zorder=100, edgecolor='k')
    ax.set_xticks([40,50,60,70,80,90,100], crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
    ax.set_yticks([0,5,10,15,20,25], crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
    ax.tick_params(axis='x', length=7, width=1, bottom=True, top=True)
    ax.tick_params(axis='y', length=7, width=1, right=True, left=True)
    ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.NullFormatter())
    ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.NullFormatter())

A=D[i-1].plot.pcolormesh(ax=ax, cmap='seismic', transform=ccrs.PlateCarree(),
                  add_colorbar=False,add_labels=False)  # D contains list of parameters to be plotted
if i in k:
    gl = ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True, linestyle='--')
    gl.xlabels_top=False
    gl.xlabels_bottom=False
    gl.ylabels_right=False
    gl.xformatter=LONGITUDE_FORMATTER
    gl.yformatter=LATITUDE_FORMATTER
    gl.xlabel_style={'size':10,}
    gl.ylabel_style={'size':10,}
    ax.tick_params(axis='y', length=7, width=1, left=False)
if i in k1:
    gl = ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True, linestyle='--')
    gl.xlabels_top=False
    gl.xlabels_bottom=True
    gl.ylabels_right=False
    gl.ylabels_left=False
    gl.xformatter=LONGITUDE_FORMATTER
    gl.yformatter=LATITUDE_FORMATTER
    gl.xlabel_style={'size':10,}
    gl.ylabel_style={'size':10,}
    ax.tick_params(axis='x', length=7, width=1, bottom=False, top=True)
    ax.tick_params(axis='y', length=7, width=1, right=True, left=True)
if i in k4:
    ax.tick_params(axis='y', length=7, width=1, right=True, left=False)
if i in k2:
    ax.tick_params(axis='y', length=7, width=1, right=False)
    fig.colorbar(A,ax=ax, shrink=0.5)  #  Here is the Colorbar option 
if i in k3:
    ax.tick_params(axis='x', length=7, width=1,top=False)
    ax.title.set_text(S[i-1])
    
fig.tight_layout(h_pad=0)
plt.show()

    How to adjust colorbar without distortion of the last axis, Any remark from the community🙏 Thanks

    spatial plot

  • Place ipywidget Dropdown on screen in matplotlib.pyplot axes ax1

    When I run this code, the Dropdown is nowhere to be found. How do I make it appear in ax1? (I think I would like to avoid Tkinter.)

    #!/usr/bin/env python3
#Place ipywidget Dropdown on screen in matplotlib.pyplot  axes ax1
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from ipywidgets.widgets import Dropdown, Layout

fig = plt.figure()
axcolor = 'lightgoldenrodyellow'

# I want a fig with 1 axes--left rectangle with Dropdown  (later I will have 4 other axes)
# instance the axes  [left, bottom, width, height].
ax1 = fig.add_axes([.1, .4, .4, .4]) #([.92, .97, .08, .03])

# Dropdown is from ipywidgets
def STypeGrp_event_handler(change):
    print(change.new)
    STypeGrp.value = ""       
STypeGrp = Dropdown(
    options=list(['E1', 'E2', 'F1']),
    value='E1',
    description='Type-Grp:',
    layout=Layout(width='100px', margin = '20px 20px 20px 20px')
)
STypeGrp.observe(STypeGrp_event_handler)
#widgets.interact(STypeGrp_event_handler, value=STypeGrp)
plots = [STypeGrp]

# ?? How do I put STypeGrp dropdown into the ax1 frame??

figManager = plt.get_current_fig_manager()
figManager.window.showMaximized()
plt.show()
  • Training plot is not appearing properly for keras model

    I have data where I need to train it with X and Y. Traning part is done but when I want to plot the prediction and actual data, it is appearing with so many lines instead of showing just non-linear regression line.

    model= Sequential()
model.add(Dense(7,input_dim=1, activation="tanh"))
model.add(Dense(1))

model.compile(loss="mse", 
optimizer=tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=0.001), metrics= 
["mae"])
history=model.fit(X,Y,epochs=1000)

predict=model.predict(X)
plt.scatter(X, Y,edgecolors='g')
plt.plot(X, predict,'r')
plt.legend([ 'Predictated Y' ,'Actual Y'])
plt.show()

    Please see the attached imageplotting image

  • r - Plotting monthly time series data in R - cannot plot more than 10 series

    I'm having a lot of trouble plotting my time series data in R Studio. My data is laid out as follows:

    tsf

    Time Series:
Start = 1995 
End = 2021 
Frequency = 1
       Jan   Feb   Mar   Apr   May   Jun  July   Aug   Sep  Oct  Nov  Dec
1995 10817  8916  9697 10314  9775  7125  9007  6000  4155 3692 2236  996
1996 12773 12562 13479 14280 13839  9168 10959  6582  5162 4815 3768 1946
1997 14691 12982 13545 14131 14162 10415 11420  7870  6340 6869 6777 6637
1998 17192 15480 14703 16903 15921 13381 13779  9127  6676 6511 5419 3447
1999 13578 19470 23411 18190 18979 17296 16588 12561 10405 8537 7304 4003
2000 20100 29419 30125 27147 27832 23874 19728 15847 11477 9301 6933 3486
2001 16528 22258 22146 19027 19436 15688 14558 10609  6799 6563 4816 2480
2002 14724 19424 21391 17215 18775 13017 14385 10044  7649 6598 4497 2766
2003 17051 20182 18564 18484 15365 12180 13313  8859  6830 6371 3781 2012
2004 16875 20084 21150 19057 16153 13619 14144  9599  7390 5830 3763 2033
2005 20002 24153 23160 20864 18331 14950 14149 11086  7475 6290 3779 2134
2006 24605 26384 24858 20634 18951 15048 14905 10749  7259 5479 3074 1509
2007 29281 26495 25974 21427 20232 15465 15738 10006  6674 5301 2857 1304
2008 32961 24290 20190 17587 12172  7369 16175  6822  4364 2699 1174  667
2009 10996  8793  7345  5558  4840  4833  4355  2422  2272 1596  948  474
2010 10469 11707 12379  9599  8893  8314  7018  5310  4683 3742 2146  647
2011 13624 13470 12390 11171  9359  9240  6953  3653  2861 2216 1398  597
2012 14507 10993 10581  9388  7986  5481  6164  3736  2783 2442 1421  774
2013 10735  9671 10596  8113  7095  3293  9306  4504  3257 2832 1307  639
2014 15975 11906 11485 11757  7767  3390 14037  6201  4376 3082 1465  920
2015 20105 15384 17054 13166  9027  3924 21290  8572  5924 3943 1874  847
2016 27106 21173 20096 14847 10125  4143 22462  9781  5842 3831 1846  679
2017 26668 16905 17180 13427  9581  3585 21316  8105  4828 3255 1594  601
2018 25813 16501 16088 11557  9362  3716 20743  7681  4397 2874 1647  778
2019 22279 14178 14404 13794  9126  3858 18741  7202  4104 3214 1676  729
2020 20665 13263 10239  1338  1490  2189 15329  7360  5747 4189 1468 1032
2021 16948 11672 10672  8214  7337  4980 20232  8563  6354 3882 2167  832

    When I attempt rudimentary code to plot the data I get the following

    plot(tsf)    
'Error in plotts(x = x, y = y, plot.type = plot.type, xy.labels = xy.labels,  : 
      cannot plot more than 10 series as "multiple"'

    My data is monthly and therefore 12 months exceed this apparent limit of 10 graphs.I've been able to make some plot by excluding two months but this is not practical for me. I've looked at lots of answers on this, many of which recommending ggplot() {ggplot2}

    The link below had data most closely resembling my data but I still wasn't able to apply it.

    issues plotting multivariate time series in R

    Any help greatly appreciated.

  • How to plot a Sequential Bayes Factor as participants are added

    I am currently analyzing eye-tracking data using the Sequential Bayes Factor method, and I would like to plot how the resulting Bayes Factor (BF; calculated from average looking times) changes as participants are added.

    I would like the x-axis to represent the number of participants included in the calculation, and the y-axis to represent the resulting Bayes Factor.

    For example, when participants 1-10 are included, BF = [y-value], and that is one plot point on the graph. When participants 1-11 are included, BF = [y-value], and that is the second plot point on the graph.

    Is there a way to do this in R?

    For example, I have this data set:

    ID      avg_PTL
 <chr>     <dbl>
 1 D07   -0.0609  
 2 D08    0.0427  
 3 D12    0.112   
 4 D15   -0.106   
 5 D16    0.199   
 6 D19    0.0677  
 7 D20    0.0459  
 8 d21   -0.158   
 9 D23    0.0650  
10 D25    0.0579  
11 D27    0.0463  
12 D29    0.00822 
13 D30    0.00613 
14 D36   -0.0484  
15 D37    0.0312  
16 D39    0.000547
17 D44    0.0336  
18 D46    0.0514  
19 D48    0.236   
20 D51   -0.000487
21 D60    0.0410  
22 D61    0.0622  
23 D62    0.0337  
24 D64   -0.125   
25 D65    0.215   
26 D66    0.200

    And I calculate the BF with:

    bf.mono.correct = ttestBF(x = avg_PTL_mono_correct$avg_PTL)

    Any tips are much appreciated!

  • Julia plot hline! doesn't work with multiple threads

    I have a simple simulation and I want to plot errors on 3 distinct figures. To speed things up I wanted to introduce a little bit of parallel computing.

    Threads.@threads for i in 1:3
plt = plot(t, err[:, i], linecolor=:blue, label=[""], linewidth=3)
hline!(plt, [0], linestyle=:dash, linecolor=:black, label=[""])
xlabel!(L"t")
ylabel!(L"e_%$i")
savefig(plt, "fig/Staubli_Slotine_Li$i.pdf")
end

    Everything stops working when I try running julia with -t3 flag

    ERROR: LoadError: TaskFailedException
Stacktrace:
 [1] wait
   @ ./task.jl:334 [inlined]
 [2] threading_run(func::Function)
   @ Base.Threads ./threadingconstructs.jl:38
 [3] top-level scope
   @ ./threadingconstructs.jl:97

    nested task error: KeyError: key :annotations not found
    Stacktrace:
      [1] pop!(h::Dict{Symbol, Any}, key::Symbol)
        @ Base ./dict.jl:587
      [2] pop_kw!(dd::RecipesPipeline.DefaultsDict, k::Symbol)
        @ RecipesPipeline ~/.julia/packages/RecipesPipeline/F2mWY/src/utils.jl:57
      [3] _update_subplot_args(plt::Plots.Plot{Plots.PGFPlotsXBackend}, sp::Plots.Subplot{Plots.PGFPlotsXBackend}, plotattributes_in::Dict{Symbol, Any}, subplot_index::Int64, remove_pair::Bool)
        @ Plots ~/.julia/packages/Plots/nzdhU/src/args.jl:2058
      [4] _subplot_setup(plt::Plots.Plot{Plots.PGFPlotsXBackend}, plotattributes::Dict{Symbol, Any}, kw_list::Vector{Dict{Symbol, Any}})
        @ Plots ~/.julia/packages/Plots/nzdhU/src/pipeline.jl:277
      [5] plot_setup!(plt::Plots.Plot{Plots.PGFPlotsXBackend}, plotattributes::Dict{Symbol, Any}, kw_list::Vector{Dict{Symbol, Any}})
        @ Plots ~/.julia/packages/Plots/nzdhU/src/pipeline.jl:138
      [6] recipe_pipeline!(plt::Any, plotattributes::Any, args::Any)
        @ RecipesPipeline ~/.julia/packages/RecipesPipeline/F2mWY/src/RecipesPipeline.jl:87
      [7] _plot!(plt::Plots.Plot, plotattributes::Any, args::Any)
        @ Plots ~/.julia/packages/Plots/nzdhU/src/plot.jl:208
      [8] plot!(::Plots.Plot; kw::Base.Pairs{Symbol, V, Tuple{Vararg{Symbol, N}}, NamedTuple{names, T}} where {V, N, names, T<:Tuple{Vararg{Any, N}}})
        @ Plots ~/.julia/packages/Plots/nzdhU/src/plot.jl:198
      [9] plot!(; kw::Base.Pairs{Symbol, V, Tuple{Vararg{Symbol, N}}, NamedTuple{names, T}} where {V, N, names, T<:Tuple{Vararg{Any, N}}})
        @ Plots ~/.julia/packages/Plots/nzdhU/src/plot.jl:188
     [10] #xlabel!#484
        @ ~/.julia/packages/Plots/nzdhU/src/shorthands.jl:416 [inlined]
     [11] xlabel!
        @ ~/.julia/packages/Plots/nzdhU/src/shorthands.jl:416 [inlined]
     [12] macro expansion
        @ ~/Documents/studia/master_thesis/master_thesis_code/sym_scripts/Staubli_Slotine_Li.jl:29 [inlined]
     [13] (::var"#88#threadsfor_fun#1"{UnitRange{Int64}})(onethread::Bool)
        @ Main ./threadingconstructs.jl:85
     [14] (::var"#88#threadsfor_fun#1"{UnitRange{Int64}})()
        @ Main ./threadingconstructs.jl:52
in expression starting at /home/jcebulsk/Documents/studia/master_thesis/master_thesis_code/sym_scripts/Staubli_Slotine_Li.jl:26

    If I comment out hline! the script runs without any issue.

    It looks like I can't have both hline and parallel operation.

  • How can I speed up the routing process in OSMNX?

    Say I have two taxi orders with Origin1、Destination1 and Origin2、Destination2(O1,O2,D1,D2). I want to calculate the possibility of ridesharing, so I need the path between two different points. And, here's my code:

    def path_time(point1, point2):
    path = ox.distance.shortest_path(road, point1, point2, weight='travel_time')
    if path is None:
        #If there isn't a path, a big weight will be set, and it won't be selected during the matching process.
        route_time = 9999
    else:
        route_time = int(sum(ox.utils_graph.get_route_edge_attributes(road, path, "travel_time")))
    return route_time,path

    Since there is four points, I need to do this six times, where tp means travel path :

    tpO1O2 = path_time(O1,O2)
tpO1D1 = path_time(O1,D1)
tpO1D2 = path_time(O1,D2)
tpO2D1 = path_time(O2,D1)
tpO2D2 = path_time(O2,D2)
tpD1D2 = path_time(D1,D2)

    It's okay if I only have two points, but I got a 2 million order set, and each order has hundreds of potential matched orders. So this will take me a lot of time.

    Does anyone knows how can I speed up this process? Thank you!

  • How to properly plot a tree (27k nodes) using a circular tree / leave layout

    I have this (unbalanced) tree with 27k+ nodes. It is an hierachy. Now I would to plot it as such to obtain a plot something like this (no idea how you would describe it, but I would call it a circular leave tree...?

    enter image description here

    However, I am unable to achieve such a result unfortunately. I have already tried igraph, Networkx, Maltego, Graphviz, Gephi. Hopefully someone can help me / give me tips & tricks or hints.

    Maltego

    Gives me quiet easily the following. However I cannot export it to pdf. Furthermore it has this wierd expansion on the top going to the left. I would be able to 'manually' (minimize) move it. However that is not what I would like.

    This is btw in my view (with the manual fix) the best result. But I cannot export it to vector or high-res image.

    enter image description here

    igraph

    import igraph as ig
bigGraphAsTupleList = (('a','b'),('b','c'),('b','d'), ..., ('c','e'))
g = ig.Graph.TupleList(bigGraphAsTupleList)
layout = g.layout("rt_circular") #fr (fruchterman reingold), tree, circle, rt_circular (reingold_tilford_circular)
# bbox = size of picture
ig.plot(g,layout=layout,bbox=(10000,10000),target='mygraph.png')

    This gives me something like below.

    reingold tilford circular enter image description here

    fruchterman reingold (so much overlap of nodes and connections) enter image description here

    Networkx

    import networkx as nx
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
G = nx.Graph()
G.add_edge(...) #build graph
nx.draw_circular(G) #nx.draw_spring(G) #nx.draw_spectral
plt.draw()
plt.show()

    enter image description here

    Graphviz (via Networkx)

    Also a wierd result a bit similar as the next one Maltego. However

    import networkx as nx
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pydot
from networkx.drawing.nx_pydot import graphviz_layout
G = nx.Graph()
G.add_edge(...) #build graph
pos = graphviz_layout(G, prog="circo")
plt.figure(1,figsize=(60,60))
nx.draw(G, pos,node_size=10)
plt.show(block=False)
plt.savefig("Graph.png", format="PNG")

    enter image description here

  • Object and Pointers Graph Representation in Ruby

    I am studying how to represent a graph in memory with Objects and Pointers in ruby and cannot find a representation of this anywhere. Can anyone point me in the right direction of how to build this ds?

  • How to make gaussian distribution in pytorch?

    I want to make probability like

    torch.bernoulli()

    this function. Has any solution?

  • Pdf of product of two i.i.d random variable distributed as circular symmetric gaussian

    what is a distribution of the product of two circular symmetric Gaussian random variables?